E-journal Field of Economics, Business and Entrepreneurship (EFEBE)

ANALISIS PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR RELATIF RIIL TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR NEGARA INDONESIA TAHUN 2009-2024

Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The limitations of each country in meeting all their domestic needs encourage the occurrence of international trade, which arises due to differences in resource ownership between countries. These differences encourage countries to export in order to obtain income from international markets. This study aims to analyze the effect of the real relative exchange rate on Indonesia's export performance for the 2009–2024 period. The real relative exchange rate is calculated based on trade weights with Indonesia's main partners, namely China, the United States, Japan, and Singapore. Export performance is seen from the export value, while foreign GDP is used as a variable representing external demand. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary time series data. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with Eviews 13, preceded by classical assumption tests. The results show that the real relative exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's export performance. Foreign GDP also has a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on export performance. These findings confirm that an increase in the real relative exchange rate, which reflects depreciation, is able to improve Indonesia's export competitiveness.

Analisis Pengaruh Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) dan Aglomerasi Industri terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia: Komparasi Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI) dan Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) Tahun 2015-2024

Fri, 17 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and industrial agglomeration on income inequality in Indonesia, with a comparative focus on the Western Indonesia Region (KBI) and the Eastern Indonesia Region (KTI) during the 2015–2024 period. The research is motivated by persistent regional disparities and the uneven spatial concentration of investment and industrial activities across Indonesian provinces. Using panel data from 34 provinces, the study employs a dynamic panel approach through the Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) estimator to address endogeneity, dynamic persistence, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation issues. Income inequality is measured using the provincial Gini Ratio, while FDI and industrial agglomeration are represented by foreign investment realization and manufacturing labor density, respectively. The results indicate that, at the national level, neither FDI nor industrial agglomeration has a statistically significant direct effect on income inequality. However, the interaction analysis reveals significant regional heterogeneity. Industrial agglomeration exerts a stronger inequality-enhancing effect in KTI than in KBI, suggesting that agglomeration in Eastern Indonesia tends to be more enclave-oriented and less inclusive in distributing economic benefits. In contrast, the differential effect of FDI between KTI and KBI is not statistically significant.

PERLUASAN LAHAN SAWIT DI PAPUA UNTUK SWESEMBADA ENERGI: TINJAUAN KRITIS ATAS DAYA DUKUNG LINGKUNGAN DAN KONFLIK AGRARIA

Sun, 26 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Kebijakan swasembada energi nasional melalui pengembangan biodiesel berbahan baku kelapa sawit mendorong perluasan lahan sawit di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, termasuk Papua. Namun, ekspansi perkebunan sawit berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perluasan lahan sawit di Papua terhadap daya dukung lingkungan dan konflik agraria dalam perspektif pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Data diperoleh dari jurnal ilmiah, buku, laporan penelitian, dokumen pemerintah, dan berbagai publikasi resmi yang relevan dengan penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui pengumpulan, pengelompokan, dan interpretasi data yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perluasan lahan sawit di Papua menyebabkan meningkatnya deforestasi, kerusakan ekosistem, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, gangguan tata air, serta peningkatan emisi karbon. Selain itu, ekspansi perkebunan sawit juga memicu konflik agraria berupa sengketa lahan dan persoalan hak ulayat masyarakat adat. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan perluasan sawit di Papua perlu mempertimbangkan aspek keberlanjutan lingkungan, keadilan sosial, dan perlindungan masyarakat adat agar dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat dapat diminimalkan.

Pengaruh Daya Saing Indonesia terhadap Pasar Global Melalui Hilirisasi Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Intan Ramandha, Zulfa Emalia — Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the effect of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) downstreaming, CPO export value, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and world CPO prices on Indonesia's export competitiveness as measured using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Time series data for the period 1990–2023 were analyzed using the Error Correction Model (ECM) to identify short-term and long-term relationships. The results show that exports of CPO downstream products have a negative and insignificant effect on export competitiveness, indicating that downstreaming has not yet resulted in optimal added value. Conversely, the value of CPO exports has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's export competitiveness. GDP and world CPO prices have been proven to have a negative and significant effect on export competitiveness. These findings emphasize the importance of improving the quality of downstreaming and production efficiency to strengthen the competitiveness of Indonesia's CPO exports.

Analisis Environmental Kuznets Curve: Pengaruh PDB Per Kapita terhadap Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (CO₂e) di Indonesia Tahun 2000–2022

Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Akselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi kerap memicu intensifikasi degradasi
lingkungan hidup akibat eksploitasi sumber daya alam dan ketergantungan
terhadap energi berbasis fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah
trajektori Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) per kapita serta emisi gas rumah
kaca (CO₂e), sekaligus menguji keabsahan hipotesis Environmental Kuznets
Curve (EKC) dalam konteks perekonomian Indonesia. Pendekatan yang
diterapkan bersifat kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif-asosiatif,
memanfaatkan data sekunder runtun waktu tahunan periode 2000–2022 yang
bersumber dari World Development Indicators (WDI) World Bank dan Our
World in Data. Spesifikasi model kuadratik dibangun dengan memasukkan
variabel lnGDP dan lnGDP² melalui estimasi Ordinary Least Squares (OLS),
dilengkapi dengan uji akar unit Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) guna
mendeteksi eksistensi kointegrasi. Analisis deskriptif mengungkap bahwa PDB
per kapita Indonesia tumbuh secara berkelanjutan, sementara emisi CO₂
berfluktuasi cukup tajam yang digerakkan oleh faktor-faktor struktural dan
guncangan eksternal seperti kebakaran hutan serta pandemi global.
Selanjutnya, uji stasioneritas pada residual regresi menghasilkan statistik
ADF sebesar −4,4936 (signifikan pada α = 1%), yang mengkonfirmasi
terbentuknya relasi kointegrasi jangka panjang yang sahih secara
ekonometrika.